When you start comparing electric bikes, you will soon see two types of motor mentioned: hub motors and mid-drive motors. Both do the same job, adding power while you pedal, but they feel different, cost different amounts and suit different riders. Here is a plain-English guide to help you choose.
What is a hub motor?
A hub motor sits in the middle of the front or rear wheel and turns the wheel directly. It works independently of the bike's chain and gears.
Why riders like them:
- Great value. Hub motor e-bikes cost less, so more of your budget goes on a bigger battery or better kit.
- Low maintenance. The motor does not put extra strain on the chain and gears, so they last longer.
- Quiet and smooth. Ideal for relaxed commuting and city riding.
- Easy to live with. Many hub motor bikes include a walk-assist mode for pushing up ramps and steps.
Rear hub motors give a natural pushing feel and good grip, which is why they are common on commuter, fat tyre and cargo e-bikes. Front hub motors are lighter and simpler, and you will often find them on folding e-bikes.
What is a mid-drive motor?
A mid-drive motor sits where the pedals meet the frame and drives the chain. Because it works through the bike's gears, it can use low gears for climbing, a bit like changing down in a car.
Why riders like them:
- Excellent on steep, long hills, especially with a torque sensor.
- Balanced handling, with the weight low and central.
- A natural, responsive feel that many keen cyclists prefer.
The trade-offs: mid-drive e-bikes usually cost more, and the extra force through the chain and gears means those parts wear faster and need more regular care.
Torque and sensors matter too
The motor position is only part of the story. Two other things shape how a bike feels:
- Torque (Nm) is the motor's pulling power. Around 40Nm suits flat city riding, while 60Nm or more helps on steep hills and with heavy loads.
- The sensor decides how the motor responds. A cadence sensor adds a set amount of help when you pedal. A torque sensor matches the help to how hard you push, which feels smoother and more natural.
A hub motor with a torque sensor can feel wonderfully natural, so do not rule hub motors out if you want a refined ride.
So which should you choose?
Choose a hub motor if you:
- mostly ride on roads, cycle paths and gentle hills
- want the best value and lowest running costs
- need a folding, cargo, fat tyre or step-through bike
Choose a mid-drive motor if you:
- live somewhere very hilly or ride long, steep climbs
- want to ride off-road trails on an electric mountain bike
- are happy to spend more for a sportier feel
Whatever you choose, keep it legal
In the UK, a road-legal e-bike motor must be rated at no more than 250W and stop assisting at 15.5mph, whether it is a hub or mid-drive. More power does not always mean a better ride, and a well-matched 250W motor will carry most riders up most hills with ease. Read our UK e-bike law guide for the details.
Still not sure? Our electric bike buyer's guide explains everything step by step, or call us on 0330 122 4983 for honest advice.